Distribution of electricity by secondary batteries



(No Model.)

M. PPATISGHER.

DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY BY SECONDARY BATTERIES.

No. 402,349. Patented Apr. 30, 1889..

gvwamtoz 33%;; M a t-towing UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MATTHIAS PFATISOHER, OF NElV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE ELECTRICAL ACOUlllULATOR COMPANY, 01? NEW YORK.

DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY BY SECONDARY BATTERIES.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent No. 402,349, dated April 30, 1889.

Application filed November 2, 1888. Serial No. 289,834, (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern: is controlled by an electro-magnet located in Be it known that I, MATTHIAS PFATISCHER, a circuitin close proximity to the battery be subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing tween. the dynamo and battery and between. in the city, county, and State of New York the battery and. lamps. A polarized electro have invented a certain new and useful Immagnet is arranged in circuit close to this provement in. the Distribution of Electricity magnet and in the same relative position. bySecondaryBatteries, of which the following This polarized magnet operates a switch in a is a specification. shunt-circuit round the first-named magnet. My invention is an improvement in the \Vhen a current is flowing from the dynamo,

to distribution of electricity by secondary batboth magnets are in circuit, and. a portion of teries. the resistance is inserted lVhen current is The object of my invention is to maintain flowing from the battery,it reverses the posia constant difference of potential at the lamption of the polarized switch and cuts the reterminals in the working-circuitsupplied by sistance out of circuit by short-circniting the 15 the battery, and to do this whether the dymagnet which controls such resistance. name is charging the battery or is discon- The accompanying drawing illustrates my nected therefrom. invention.

The distributing system. employed by me Dis a dynamo located at the central staconsists of a dynamo located at a central sta tion. There is a series of sub-stations, at

20 tion, a series of sub-stations at each of which each of which is located a series of cells of is located a secondary battery, and a series secondary battery, C. These batteries are in of translating devices-as 1amps-in a work workiug circuits it, in which are also included ing-circuit connected to the battery. There is translating dexdces-such as lamps L-to be a charging-circuit connecting the dynamo supplied by the battery. There are switches 2 5 and substations. At each sub-stationthere is at each sub-station A and B forinclnding and a switch to include and exclude the battery excluding the batteries and working-circuit with respect to the chargingcircuit. The with respect to the charging-circuit. number of cells of battery employed at each The batteries are placed between the main sub-station mustbe suificient to properly leads of the working-circuit c inabranchcirsupplythe lamps, and it occasionally happens cuit, 2. In the same branch 2 is a neutral that when the lamps are being supplied by electro-magnet, preferably in the form of a the battery at a sub-station the dynamo is solenoid, S. In the same branch 2 there is operating to charge the battery. To do this, also a polarized electro-magnet, P, in the same the clectro-motive force is raised above the relative position, where it receives both the V "5 electrc-motive force of the battery, and this current of charge and the current of disexcessive clectro-motive force is noticeable charge. The magnet S has a pivoted armain its effect at the lamp-terminals. Espeture-bar, a. To one end of bar a is connected. cially is this true as the battery nears full the solenoid-core The opposite cndof bar charge, when the excessive electro-motive c carries a series of; insulated. electrical con- 0 force of the dynamo operates most injurh tacts of respectivelydiflierentlcngths dipping 9o ously to shorten the life of the lamps. into a mercury-cup, m. In the working cir- My improvement is directed to obviate this cnit 20 there is a series of sectional artificial ditficulty; and it consists in apparatus for resistances r11" "1". The terminals of this seautomatically introducing and withdrawing ries of resistances are connected to the series 45 an artificial. resistance by effects due to the of insulated contacts respectively. presence or absence of the dynamo-current. The polarized magnet P has an armature,

In the main lead between battery and 1 at the free end of which there is a circuitlamps I place a sectional resistance and a breaker consisting of a pair of n1.ercury=cups, suitable switch for inserting and withdraw n n, and a U-shaped contact, '21. This cir 5o ing it to agrcatcror less extent. This switch. cuitbrcakcr is in a slnnit-circuit, 3, round the I00 coils of solenoid S. WVhen this circuit-breaker is closed, solenoid S is practically out of circuit. When it is open, solenoid S is in circuit.

Two substations are illustrated. At one station the switch B is in position to cut the battery. into the charging-circuit. At the other the switch A is in position to remove the battery from the charging-circuit.

The apparatus operates as follows: We may assume that current is flowing from dynamo D in the charging-circuit continuously. At

the first station the switch A is in position to remove the battery from circuit. Current is flowing from battery 0 through magnet P in branch circuit 2, through shunt-circuit 3 into the working-circuit w and supplying lamps L. Magnet S, being practically cut out of circuit by the closing of shunt-circuit 3, is demagnetized, its armature is retracted, the series of insulated contact-points are dipping into the mercury in cup m and forming a cut out round all the artificial resistances. The resistance in the working-circuit is therefore normal and the proper difference of p0 tential is manifested at the lamp-terminals. At the second station, however, the battery is cut into the charging-circuit. Current is therefore flowing from the charging-circuit into the battery a direction the reverse of that which would obtain itthe battery were itself furnishing current. The polarized magnet P has carried its armature to the opposite extreme, breaking shunt-circuit 3 at n n. Solenoid S is in circuit 2 and its core 0 is drawn down, the opposite end of the bar a is elevated, and the series of insulated contacts are withdrawn from the mercury. The resistances r r r are therefore cut into circuit. It is to be understood that the battery 0 when charged yields an electro motive force suflicient to raise lamps L to the propercandle-power. The dynamo, in order to charge this battery, must have an electro -motive force in excess of that yielded by the battery. If this be connected into the battery to charge it, this excessive electromotive force will pass the terminals of the battery and be manitested at the lamp-terminals. Suppose the lamps are one-hundred-and-ten -volt lamps and the battery yields one hundred and ten volts. To charge the battery, I must use a current of at least one hundred an d twenty volts. If

lamps be connected, they will be supplied by a portion of this current passing the batteryterminals; but one hundred and twenty volts will cause a breakage of the lamp filaments. I therefore introduce a resistance, r r, in the lead to sufficient in amount to cause a drop of ten volts, and this I do automatically by the arrangement of apparatus above described.

The resistances r r r should be properly proportioned to produce a dropin electro-motive force between the battery and lamps in amount equal to the amount by which the electro-motive force of charge exceeds the electro-motive force of discharge.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination of a dynamo-electric machine, a charging-circuit, a secondary battery, a working-circuit containing a series ot translating devices in multiple arc with the battery, an artificial resistance in the working-circuit between the battery and translating devices, a switch or circuit-changer for inserting and withdrawing said resistance, an electro-magnetic device located in said circuit controlling said switch, and a polarized electro-magnet located in a branch circuit between the dynamo and battery and between the battery and lamps operating to control the first named magnet, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a dynamo-electric machine, a charging-circuit, a secondary battery, a working-circuit containing a series of translating devices in parallel circuit with the battery, a series of artificial resistances to be inserted and withdrawn with respect to the working-circuit between the battery and translating devices, a switch or circuit-changer for inserting and withdrawing said resistances successively, an electro-magnetic device located in said circuit controlling said switch, and a polarized electro-magnet located in a branch circuit between the dynamo and battery and between the battery and translating devices operating to control the first-named magnet, substantially as described.

MATTHIAS PFA'rIsonEn.

Witnesses:

DANIEL E. DELAVAN, WILLIAM H. SHoURDs. 

